Railguns is/are modular,why not do something similar to other weapons?
For example,A power compressor for the electro bolt,
It would require more power and slower fire rate but shield damage and physical damage would be increased
How about power storage for ion beams and small lasers?
It might sound silly but hear me out,the storage stores power for the ion beam/small laser for extended firing time without reloading/running out of power
Since there are engine rooms for thrusters and accelerators for railGuns,
Why not do something similar with ions,small lasers,cannons,electro bolts,ETC
That way everything is extremely variable leaving starship designing to a whole new level