I don't think I have much of anything new to add, but I figured I might as well throw my logs into here as well.
I'm running Arch Linux, Kernel version 4.11.9.
Error Report (I don't know if this is a problem on my end, but I no longer have a Cosmoteer folder in C:\users\user\Saved Games after installing 12.7, so I do not get any logs there upon crashing.
Wine (2.11 Staging) Dump
EDIT: I just updated to the newest version of Wine Staging (2.12) and when i ran Cosmoteer, the black screen now had a loading bar, and it also opened up the main menu. It allowed me to start a new game, however around 10 seconds after I started a new game, the game crashed and gave the same error as above.